Coastal Maine’s Sagadahoc, York, and Cumberland Counties

Southern Maine’s shoreline – encompassing Sagadahoc, Cumberland, and York counties – represents the economic engine of the Pine Tree State. This region includes Maine’s largest metro area (Portland and surrounding Cumberland County), fast-growing suburban and rural communities in York County, and the historic shipbuilding hub of Sagadahoc County. Blessed with a picturesque coast and strategic location near Boston and Canada, these counties have attracted businesses, residents, and visitors for generations. They blend old and new: from Bath’s 19th-century shipyards and Freeport’s iconic L.L.Bean store, to modern tech startups at Brunswick Landing and biotech firms in Greater Portland. The convergence of a strong tourism industry, a skilled workforce, and robust local entrepreneurship makes the area unique – but it also faces distinct challenges like seasonal fluctuations and high costs.

This white paper examines economic trends, business challenges, and growth opportunities in Sagadahoc, York, and Cumberland counties. We draw on data from economic development partnerships, chambers of commerce, and state reports to paint a current picture of the regional economy. We also incorporate insights on how businesses operate – from the software powering their operations to the marketing channels connecting them with customers – and how seasonal tourism shapes their strategies. Recognizing that technology adoption and digital skills are increasingly critical, we consider the state of local businesses’ tech readiness. Crucially, we identify the total cost of running seasonal enterprises on Maine’s coast and highlight resources that help mitigate those costs, including key local support organizations. Throughout, we include case studies to illustrate challenges or successes, and we conclude each section with actionable insights. Whether you run a small boutique in Kennebunk, manage a restaurant in Portland, or work for an economic development group in Bath, this paper aims to provide practical, data-driven guidance to help your organization thrive in Maine’s coastal economy.